In this tenth part of our FAQ series on practical living in Israel, we delve into the country’s social security system, parenting tips, housing alternatives, transportation options, and religious life. This guide will provide Olim and residents with essential information to better understand and integrate into Israeli society.

FAQ #51: Understanding Israel’s Social Security System (Bituach Leumi)

Q: What is Bituach Leumi, and how does it work? Bituach Leumi is Israel’s national social security system, which provides benefits and financial support for residents in various life situations, including unemployment, maternity leave, disability, and pensions for retirees. All Israeli residents must contribute to Bituach Leumi through mandatory deductions from their income. The system is funded by both employees and employers, with self-employed individuals also contributing.

Q: What benefits are available to new Olim? New Olim are eligible for many of the same benefits as native Israelis, including:

• Child allowances: Monthly payments to help with the cost of raising children.

• Old age pensions: Provided to residents once they reach retirement age.

• Maternity leave benefits: Financial support for new mothers during maternity leave.

• Disability benefits: For residents who have a long-term disability that affects their ability to work.

In addition, new Olim may receive temporary assistance to help ease the transition into Israeli life, such as the Sal Klita(absorption basket), which provides financial support for the first few months after Aliyah.

Q: How do I apply for Bituach Leumi benefits? You can apply for Bituach Leumi benefits by visiting their offices or applying online via their website. You'll need to submit relevant documents, such as your Teudat Zehut (ID card), proof of residency, and income statements. Many benefits, such as child allowances, are automatically processed once you register with Bituach Leumi, while others may require a formal application.

FAQ #52: Parenting in Israel

Q: What should I know about the education system for children in Israel? Israel’s education system is diverse and offers different streams, including secular (Mamlachti), religious (Mamlachti Dati), and Haredi (ultra-Orthodox) schools. Public education is free for children from kindergarten through high school, with private and international schools also available in certain areas. Olim children often receive extra support, such as Hebrew lessons, to help them integrate into the local school system.

Q: What healthcare services are available for children in Israel? Israel provides universal healthcare for all residents, including children, through the four national health funds (Kupot Holim). This covers doctor visits, vaccinations, and general pediatric care. Some health funds also offer supplementary insurance that covers additional services, such as dental care and speech therapy.

Q: Are there daycare and preschool options for young children? Yes, Israel offers subsidized daycare options for young children through government and municipality programs, particularly for children under the age of three. Public preschools (Gan) are free for children aged 3 to 5. Many municipalities also have private daycare centers and early childhood programs, though these tend to be more expensive.

FAQ #53: Housing Alternatives in Israel

Q: What are the main housing options in Israel for Olim? Olim have a variety of housing options, including:

• Renting: The most common option for new Olim, especially when first arriving. Rental contracts are typically for one year, and many landlords ask for a deposit. Rent prices can vary significantly by city, with Tel Aviv and Jerusalem being more expensive.

• Buying: Purchasing a home in Israel can be a good long-term investment, but it requires a substantial down payment (usually 25-30%) and comes with various taxes and fees.

• Cooperative housing: Some Olim choose to live in kibbutzim (collective communities) or moshavim (agricultural villages), where communal living is emphasized.

Q: What is Arnona, and how does it affect my housing costs? Arnona is a municipal tax charged to residents based on the size and location of their property. This tax helps fund local services, such as trash collection, street cleaning, and infrastructure maintenance. Arnona rates vary by city and neighborhood, and new Olim are often eligible for discounts during their first year in Israel. Make sure to inquire about Arnona when renting or purchasing property, as it’s typically the tenant’s responsibility.

Q: Are there government programs to help new Olim with housing? Yes, the Israeli government offers housing assistance to Olim, particularly for low-income families and individuals. The Ministry of Aliyah and Integrationprovides subsidized rental options and financial aid for Olim in need. Additionally, housing benefits may be available in Absorption Centers, where new Olim can live while they transition to permanent housing.

FAQ #54: Getting Around Israel – Public Transportation, Driving, and Cycling

Q: What are the main public transportation options in Israel? Israel has a well-developed public transportation network that includes buses, trains, light rail, and shared taxis (sheruts). The Rav Kav card is used for buses, trains, and light rail, making it easy to travel between cities or within major metropolitan areas. Major bus companies like Egged and Dan operate throughout the country, while the Israel Railways train system connects cities along the coast and central areas.

Q: Can I drive in Israel with a foreign license? New Olim can drive in Israel with a foreign driver’s license for up to one year after making Aliyah. After that, you’ll need to convert your foreign license to an Israeli one. This process usually involves taking a practical driving test, and depending on your country of origin, a few driving lessons may be required before taking the test.

Q: Is cycling popular in Israel? Yes, cycling is growing in popularity, especially in cities like Tel Aviv, where bike lanes are becoming more common. Many cities offer bike-sharing services, and there are dedicated cycling paths for recreational riders. Israel’s landscape also makes it an ideal destination for mountain biking and road cycling, with trails available in the north, along the coast, and in the Negev Desert.

FAQ #55: Understanding Religious Life in Israel

Q: What are the different religious communities in Israel? Israel is home to a wide spectrum of religious communities, including:

• Secular Jews: The majority of Israelis identify as secular, meaning they are not strictly observant but may still celebrate Jewish holidays and traditions.

• Religious Jews: Many Israelis observe Jewish law (halacha), with varying degrees of observance, from modern Orthodox to ultra-Orthodox (Haredi). Religious communities can be found throughout Israel, particularly in cities like Jerusalem, Bnei Brak, and Beit Shemesh.

• Muslims, Christians, and Druze: Israel is also home to Muslim, Christian, and Druze communities, primarily in the north and Jerusalem. These groups maintain their own religious practices and traditions.

Q: How do I navigate religious holidays and customs in Israel? Religious holidays like Yom Kippur, Passover, and Shabbat are observed throughout the country. During Shabbat, from Friday evening to Saturday evening, public transportation shuts down in most cities, and businesses close, especially in religious areas. In secular cities like Tel Aviv, some restaurants and cafés remain open during Shabbat. It’s important to be aware of these customs, particularly when visiting religious areas or planning travel during holidays.

Q: Can I choose my level of religious observance in Israel? Yes, Israel is a country where people of all levels of religious observance live side by side. You can choose to live in a secular, religious, or mixed community, depending on your preferences. Many cities have neighborhoods that cater to specific communities, so it’s important to research the areas that align with your lifestyle and beliefs.