Joining the IDF as a new Oleh (immigrant) is a complex but rewarding journey. Here's a more in-depth guide to help you navigate each stage, from making Aliyah to joining the IDF and thriving as a Lone Soldier.

1. Making Aliyah and Preparing for IDF Service

Starting the Aliyah Process

• Eligibility: Aliyah is open to Jews and individuals with at least one Jewish grandparent. The Law of Return grants automatic citizenship, which is necessary for joining the IDF.

• Documentation: Key documents include birth certificates, proof of Jewish heritage, and, if possible, medical records. These expedite the processing and help the IDF prepare for any special medical needs.

• Working with Nefesh B'Nefesh: Nefesh B’Nefesh (NBN) provides significant support, including logistical help with the Aliyah application, financial assistance, and preparatory seminars that cover IDF enlistment and life in Israel.

Initial Orientation in Israel

• New immigrants receive an orientation session upon arrival. NBN organizes these sessions for young Olim (immigrants) specifically joining the IDF, offering insights into military expectations, Hebrew classes, and workshops on Israeli culture.

• Language Preparations: Since Hebrew is essential, many Olim take intensive Hebrew (Ulpan) courses either prior to or right after their Aliyah. Some also receive language training through IDF programs designed to help non-native speakers follow military commands effectively.

2. Eligibility and Enlistment Requirements

Mandatory Service Requirements for Olim

• Age-Based Requirements: Olim aged 18-26 are typically required to serve in the IDF. Age impacts service length:

  • 18-19: Full service (32 months for men, 24 for women).

  • 20-23: Reduced service length (generally around 24 months for men and 18 for women).

  • 24-26: May qualify for shorter, often non-combat roles lasting 6-12 months.

• Women’s Exemptions: Married, pregnant, or religious women may request exemptions, although many choose to volunteer in combat or non-combat roles to participate actively in IDF life.

Alternative Program: Mahal

• Eligibility for Non-Israeli Jews: The Mahal program allows non-Israeli Jews between 18-24 (or up to 21 for combat roles) to join the IDF for 18 months. This offers a shorter, immersive IDF experience without the full Aliyah commitment.

• Specialized Training and Roles: Mahal recruits generally go through a shorter adaptation and training period, allowing them to engage in various support or combat roles depending on their profile and language skills.

3. The Enlistment Process in the IDF for New Olim

Receiving the Tzav Rishon (First Command)

• After Aliyah, new Olim receive the Tzav Rishon, an IDF pre-enlistment notice. This summons requires candidates to undergo multiple assessments:

  • Medical Exam: A detailed health examination assigns recruits a “Profile” score, indicating their physical fitness for combat or non-combat roles.

  • Aptitude Test (Kaba Score): This cognitive assessment impacts role assignments, with higher scores opening doors to intelligence or technology roles.

  • Psychological Interview: New Olim undergo psychological evaluations to gauge their mental resilience and personal motivations, which also influences role placement.

Language Support and Adaptation Programs

• Hebrew Courses: Non-Hebrew speakers can join IDF Ulpan courses to learn military-specific Hebrew, enabling effective communication and command understanding.

• Integration Programs: The IDF offers special preparatory programs for Olim, focusing on Israeli military culture, chain of command, and unit responsibilities, which helps new immigrants adapt to the structure and expectations.

Role Assignment and Specialized Units

• Olim with high Kaba and Profile scores can apply for prestigious units like intelligence or combat. Recruits interested in elite units (e.g., Sayeret Matkal or Unit 8200) may face additional physical or technical tests, ensuring suitability.

• Some units, such as the IDF Lone Soldier program or Mahal-affiliated units, offer tailored support for Olim and non-native Israelis, providing a smoother integration into the army.

4. Support Systems for Lone Soldiers and Olim

Lone Soldier Benefits

• Financial Stipends: Lone Soldiers receive higher monthly allowances to cover living expenses and essentials, as they lack immediate family support.

• Housing Assistance: The IDF and Lone Soldier programs offer housing stipends or direct access to subsidized apartments near bases, helping soldiers focus on their service without housing stress.

• Mental Health and Counseling: Counseling services tailored to the needs of Lone Soldiers address challenges like homesickness, stress, and cultural adaptation. Support organizations like Friends of the IDF (FIDF) and The Lone Soldier Center provide group therapy, peer support, and individualized counseling.

Community and Social Events

• Holiday Gatherings: Organizations arrange holiday meals and social events so that Lone Soldiers feel a sense of family and tradition, particularly during major Jewish holidays.

• Ongoing Peer Support: Community centers for Lone Soldiers organize meetups, weekend trips, and recreational activities, helping Olim and Mahal volunteers form close bonds with their fellow soldiers and build a support network.

5. Navigating Life in the IDF as an Oleh

Adjusting to IDF Culture and Military Life

• The IDF’s culture can be intense and challenging for new immigrants. Soldiers are required to follow strict routines and orders, which may feel unfamiliar to those from more independent cultural backgrounds.

• Embracing Teamwork and Structure: The IDF emphasizes teamwork and adaptability. Recruits from abroad can benefit from observing their Israeli peers, many of whom grew up with a military mindset, to better understand norms and expectations.

Basic Training and Advanced Programs

• Basic Training: For non-combat roles, basic training lasts a few weeks, while combat training can extend for several months. Training includes weapons handling, survival skills, physical fitness, and navigation.

• Advanced Training for Elite Units: Those in elite units undergo specialized training in areas like cybersecurity, field intelligence, or commando tactics. Each advanced program aims to ensure Olim are fully equipped for their role, with personalized support for Lone Soldiers when needed.

6. Post-Service Benefits for Olim and Lone Soldiers

Educational and Vocational Grants

• Veterans are eligible for tuition-free studies at Israeli universities and vocational schools. The Fund for Discharged Soldiers provides financial aid for further studies, particularly in high-demand fields such as engineering, technology, and healthcare.

• Many Olim pursue degrees that build on their military skills, leveraging the high demand for technical expertise in Israel’s economy.

Housing and Financial Assistance

• Veterans benefit from favorable mortgage rates and housing loans, allowing Olim to establish long-term roots in Israel. These loans often come with low-interest rates and repayment flexibility, supporting homeownership for those transitioning from Lone Soldier status.

• Post-Service Grants: Olim receive a one-time discharge grant and accumulated savings from mandatory service. This fund can be used to further education, start a business, or support housing needs, facilitating a smoother transition to civilian life.

Career Counseling and Job Placement

• IDF’s Transition to Civilian Life unit offers veterans job placement services, resume support, and career counseling. Specialized programs connect veterans with high-tech companies, especially for those with backgrounds in intelligence or cybersecurity.

• Many organizations actively recruit former IDF soldiers due to their leadership, discipline, and problem-solving skills, with roles in fields like security, IT, engineering, and business.

7. Resources and Support Organizations for Olim in the IDF

Friends of the IDF (FIDF)

• Provides financial aid, holiday gifts, and educational scholarships specifically for Lone Soldiers and Olim, covering housing, mental health, and holiday gatherings.

Nefesh B'Nefesh (NBN)

• Assists new Olim with Aliyah logistics, language programs, and coordination with the IDF. NBN also offers community events, workshops, and resources specifically for Lone Soldiers.

The Lone Soldier Center

• Focuses on helping Lone Soldiers with practical needs like housing, emotional support, and social integration. The center organizes events, support groups, and holiday meals, creating a strong community for Olim in service.

NATAL - Israel Trauma Center for Victims of Terror and War

• Provides mental health services tailored for IDF veterans, including support for those affected by military-related trauma. NATAL offers individual therapy, group counseling, and crisis hotlines.

Final Thoughts on Making Aliyah to Join the IDF

The decision to make Aliyah and join the IDF is one of dedication and commitment. While challenging, the journey offers a powerful sense of purpose, belonging, and identity, with ample support available for those willing to take the plunge. Through structured enlistment pathways, specialized resources for Lone Soldiers, and post-service benefits, the IDF ensures that new Olim can thrive both during and after their service, building lasting connections within Israeli society and fulfilling a meaningful role in the country’s defense.