FAQ Blog: Practical Living in Israel – Part 9
In this ninth part of our FAQ series on practical living in Israel, we explore regional differences across the country, Israel’s tax system, alternative living options like kibbutzim and moshavim, navigating family life, and the thriving tech/start-up culture. These FAQs will provide Olim and residents with valuable insights into the diverse lifestyles and opportunities available in Israel.
FAQ #46: Exploring Israel’s Regional Differences
Q: What are the key differences between living in northern, central, and southern Israel? Israel is a small country with diverse regions, each offering a unique lifestyle and set of opportunities:
Northern Israel: Known for its natural beauty, the north includes cities like Haifa, Tiberias, and Nazareth. The region is famous for its lush landscapes, agriculture, and proximity to the Sea of Galilee. Northern Israel offers a more laid-back, rural lifestyle compared to the center, with many hiking trails, kibbutzim, and moshavim (agricultural communities).
Central Israel: This area is the most urbanized and densely populated, encompassing Tel Aviv, Jerusalem, and Herzliya. It’s the economic and cultural hub of Israel, known for its bustling nightlife, tech companies, universities, and job opportunities. Central Israel is more fast-paced, with higher living costs, particularly in Tel Aviv.
Southern Israel: Including Be’er Sheva, Eilat, and the Negev Desert, the south is known for its desert landscapes, research institutes, and lower cost of living. The south is ideal for those seeking a quieter life, with opportunities in agriculture, solar energy, and tourism. Eilat, Israel’s southernmost city, is a popular resort town.
Q: How do regional climates differ across Israel? Israel’s climate varies significantly depending on the region. The north experiences a Mediterranean climate with rainy winters and hot, dry summers. Central Israel, including Tel Aviv, has a warm climate with hot, humid summers. Southern Israel, particularly the Negev and Eilat, is arid, with extremely hot summers and mild winters.
FAQ #47: Navigating Israel’s Tax System
Q: How does Israel’s tax system work for new Olim? Israel has a progressive tax system, which means that tax rates increase with income. As a new Oleh, you can benefit from significant tax breaks. For the first 10 years after making Aliyah, new immigrants are exempt from paying taxes on income earned abroad. This exemption applies to foreign pensions, investments, and property income, but not to income earned in Israel.
Q: Do new Olim need to file taxes in Israel? Yes, all residents of Israel, including new Olim, must file an annual tax return if their income exceeds the tax filing threshold. However, the foreign income exemption during the first 10 years of Aliyah simplifies tax filings for many Olim, especially those with no local income. If you have complex finances, it’s advisable to consult a tax advisor to ensure you are fully utilizing your benefits and complying with Israeli tax laws.
Q: Are there other tax benefits available to Olim? In addition to the foreign income tax exemption, new Olim may be eligible for a tax credit (Nikuiim) on earned income. These credits can reduce the amount of tax you owe based on your marital status, number of children, and other factors. It’s also important to note that Israel has tax treaties with many countries, including the U.S. and U.K., to prevent double taxation on income earned in multiple jurisdictions.
FAQ #48: Living Off the Grid in Israel – Kibbutzim, Moshavim, and Eco-Villages
Q: What is life like on a kibbutz or moshav in Israel? Kibbutzim and moshavim are communal agricultural settlements that offer a more rural, community-oriented lifestyle compared to urban centers. Kibbutzim are traditionally collective communities where members share income, resources, and decision-making responsibilities, though many kibbutzim have privatized in recent years. Moshavim are cooperative agricultural villages where each family owns their farm or business but shares in the community’s infrastructure and services.
Both kibbutzim and moshavim offer a quieter lifestyle with a focus on agriculture, industry, and environmental sustainability. These communities can be a great option for Olim looking to live off the beaten path, embrace nature, and enjoy a close-knit, supportive community.
Q: Are there eco-villages or alternative communities in Israel? Yes, Israel has several eco-villages and alternative communities focused on sustainability, environmentalism, and green living. Communities like Lotan in the Arava Desert and Neot Smadar in the Negev are dedicated to sustainable agriculture, renewable energy, and eco-friendly architecture. These communities often attract environmentally-conscious Olim and Israelis looking to live in harmony with nature.
FAQ #49: Navigating Family Life in Israel
Q: What family services are available to Olim in Israel? Israel offers a range of services to support families, including universal healthcare for children, subsidized daycare, and after-school programs. The government provides child allowances through Bituach Leumi (National Insurance), which help cover the costs of raising children. Olim families can also take advantage of subsidized Hebrew lessons (Ulpan) for children and adults, as well as various municipal services that help families integrate into local communities.
Q: How does the education system support Olim families? Israel’s education system is designed to help children of Olim integrate quickly. Public schools offer specialized programs for children of immigrants, such as Olim classes that focus on learning Hebrew and catching up with the Israeli curriculum. Schools also emphasize social integration, helping children of new immigrants build friendships and adjust to Israeli culture.
Q: What legal considerations should I keep in mind for family life in Israel? It’s important to familiarize yourself with Israel’s family laws, particularly regarding issues like marriage, divorce, and custody. Marriage and divorce in Israel are governed by religious law, so if you’re planning to marry in Israel, you’ll need to do so through the Rabbinate (for Jews), Sharia courts (for Muslims), or other religious authorities. Custody disputes and family legal matters are handled by the Family Court system, which takes both religious and civil law into consideration.
FAQ #50: Israel’s Tech and Start-up Culture
Q: What makes Israel a hub for tech and start-ups? Israel is known as the “Start-up Nation” due to its high concentration of start-ups and tech companies. The country has a robust entrepreneurial ecosystem, with strong government support for innovation, research, and development. Key industries include cybersecurity, artificial intelligence, fintech, and biotech. Israel’s military also plays a role, as many tech entrepreneurs are veterans of elite military units specializing in tech and intelligence.
Q: How can I get involved in Israel’s start-up ecosystem as an Oleh? Olim with tech experience can find plenty of opportunities to work in Israel’s thriving start-up scene. Many tech companies actively seek English-speaking professionals for roles in marketing, business development, software engineering, and more. Networking is crucial, and platforms like LinkedIn and local meetups provide opportunities to connect with professionals in the industry. Nefesh B'Nefesh and other organizations also offer career workshops and resources for Olim looking to enter the tech sector.
Q: Are there government programs that support start-ups? Yes, the Israeli government offers a variety of programs to support start-ups, including grants, tax incentives, and incubator programs. The Israel Innovation Authority provides funding for early-stage companies and research and development projects. Additionally, many cities, such as Tel Aviv and Haifa, have start-up incubators and accelerators that help entrepreneurs develop their ideas and grow their businesses.